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Primary xylem
Oak wood
Leaf vein
Vein ends
Bean seed
Pine tracheids, xs
Fern TE, xs
Fern, TE, mag
Annular walls
Annular, stretched
Annular, narrow
Scalariform walls
Scalar., narrow
CBP, pine
CBP, dicot
CBP, irregular
Contact faces
Pits, side view
CBP, pine, xs
CBP,angio, xs
CBP, fern, xs
Contact face, xs
Simple perf. plate 1
Simple perf. plate 2
Pitted perf. plate
Perf. plate & helix
Perf. plate, face
Perf. plate, mag
Perf. plate, section
Perf. plate rim
Perf. plate & wall
Scalariform Per plate
Primary xylem
Vessel sizes
Fern TE
Pine needle
VE precursor, ls
Protoxylem
9 Contact faces
VE precursor, xs
Precursor 2
Torn vessel
Torn vessel 2

Fig. 7.2-9. Longitudinal section of vessel element of corn. This is a very large, wide vessel element in corn, much wider than the cells that surround it. Consequently, if we could see it in transverse section, rather than having just four or five adjacent cells, it would have ten or twelve or more. We can see that in this longitudinal section: the four arrows point out four rows of pits, each row separated by a thin strip of red secondary wall. Each row of pits is occupying a separate “panel” of vessel element side wall, each panel being the contact face between the element and a different neighboring cell. In transverse section, this vessel element is not round, but rather is a polygon, each side of the polygon being one of these panels. The panel marked by X is wider than the others; it is wide enough that the pits in it do not need to be circular – they can be slightly scalariform. On the other hand, in some places it is wide enough that rather than one scalariform pit, there are two circular bordered pits more or less side by side.